Berbagi Informasi Mengenai Ilmu Veteriner Berbagi ilmu Kedokteran Hewan
Pemberian obat antibakteri tidak boleh diberikan sembarangan pada hewan. Obat antibakteri hanya boleh digunakan apabila bakteri penyebab infeksi telah didiagnosa dengan tepat. Jangan memberikan obat antibakteri untuk setiap masalah klinis pada hewan tanpa ada diagnosa yang jelas mengenai agen penyebab dari infeksi dari suatu penyakit. Hal ini berguna agar menghindari terjadinya resistensi dari antimikroba. Berikut ini obat antibakteri yang disarankan untuk infeksi pada anjing dan kucing dapat dilihat pada Tabel 1.
Tabel 1 Obat antibakteri yang disarankan untuk infeksi pada anjing dan kucing
| Diagnosa dan organisme umum yang menginfeksi (organisme kurang umum) | Obat antibakteri yang disarankan |
| Pioderma, pustular dermatitis | |
| Anjing : Staphylococcus (sekunder yaitu: Escherichia, Proteus, Pseudomonas) | Amoxicillin-clavulanate, cephalosporin, cloxacillin/ flucloxacillin |
| Kucing : Streptococcus, Pasteurella, Staphylococcus | Amoxicillin-clavulanate, lincosamide, doxycycline, cephalosporin |
| Luka gigitan, luka traumatis dan terkontaminasi | |
| Anjing : Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pasteurella, bakteri anaerob | Amoxicillin-clavulanate, cephalosporin |
| Kucing : Bakteri anaerob, Pasteurella, Actinomyces | Penicillin G, clindamycin, doxycycline, amoxicillin, cephalosporin |
| Peradangan kantung anal, abses | |
| Anjing : Escherichia, Enterococcus, (Clostridium, Proteus) | Amoxicillin-clavulanate, chloramphenicol, sulfonamide-trimethoprim |
| Kucing : Escherichia, Enterococcus, (Clostridium, Proteus) | Amoxicillin-clavulanate, chloramphenicol, sulfonamide-trimethoprim |
| Otitis Eksterna | |
| Anjing : Staphylococcus, Malasezzia, Pseudomonas, Proteus | Topikal: aminoglycoside, polymyxin, fluoroquinolone, chloramphenicol, ticarcillin |
| Kucing : Staphylococcus, Malasezzia, Pseudomonas, Proteus | Topikal: aminoglycoside, polymyxin, fluoroquinolone, chloramphenicol, ticarcillin |
| Otitis media, otitis interna | |
| Anjing : Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Proteus | Amoxicillin-clavulanate, fluoroquinolone, ticarcillin chloramphenicol |
| Kucing : Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Proteus | Amoxicillin-clavulanate, fluoroquinolone, ticarcillin chloramphenicol |
| Konjungtivitis | |
| Anjing : Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia, Proteus | Topikal: neomycin-polymyxin-bacitracin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin |
| Kucing : Virus, Chlamydophila, Mycoplasma, 2° bakteri | Tetracycline, chloramphenicol |
| Trakeobronkitis infeksius | |
| Anjing : Bordetella, viruses, bakteria sekunder (Mycoplasma ?) | Sulfonamide-trimethoprim, doxycycline, chloramphenicol |
| Pneumonia bakterial*, pyothorax* | |
| Anjing : tunggal atau campuran Gram negatif aerob dan/atau anaerob | Amoxicillin-clavulanate, fluoroquinolone + metronidazole |
| Kucing : Berbagai bakteri anaerob, Pasteurella, Gram negatif aerob lainnya, Actinomyces | Amoxicillin-clavulanate, fluoroquinolone + metronidazole |
| Periodontitis, gingivitis, ulserativ stomatitis | |
| Anjing : Bakteri anaerob dan bercampur bakteri aerob | Penicillin G, amoxicillin, metronidazole ± spiramycin, doxycycline, clindamycin |
| Kucing : Bakteri anaerob dan bercampur bakteri aerob | Penicillin G, amoxicillin, metronidazole ± spiramycin, doxycycline, clindamycin |
| Pertumbuhan bakteri yang berlebihan di usus halus/antibiotic-responsive diarrhea | |
| Anjing : Escherichia, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Clostridium | Tetracycline, tylosin, metronidazole |
| Kucing : Escherichia, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Clostridium | Tetracycline, tylosin, metronidazole |
| Cholecystitis, cholangitis | |
| Anjing : Escherichia, Salmonella, bakteri anaerob | Amoxicillin-clavulanate, chloramphenicol, fluoroquinolone + metronidazole |
| Kucing : Coliform | Amoxicillin-clavulanate, chloramphenicol, fluoroquinolone |
| Infeksi saluran urinari bawah, pyelonephritis* | |
| Anjing : Escherichia, Proteus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter | Amoxicillin-clavulanate, sulfonamide-trimethoprim, cephalosporin, fluoroquinolone |
| Prostatitis | |
| Anjing : Escherichia, Proteus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter | Sulfonamide-trimethoprim, fluoroquinolone |
| Mastitis* | |
| Anjing : Escherichia, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus | Chloramphenicol, amoxicillin-clavulanate, fluoroquinolone |
| Kucing : Escherichia, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus | Chloramphenicol, amoxicillin-clavulanate, fluoroquinolone |
| Osteomyelitis* | |
| Anjing : Staphylococcus (Streptococcus, Escherichia, Proteus, Pseudomonas, bakteri anaerob) | Amoxicillin-clavulanate, lincosamide, cloxacillin/ flucloxacillin, fluoroquinolone, cephalosporin |
| Kucing : Staphylococcus (Streptococcus, Escherichia, Proteus, Pseudomonas, bakteri anaerob) | Amoxicillin-clavulanate, lincosamide, cloxacillin/ flucloxacillin, fluoroquinolone, cephalosporin |
| Discospondylitis | |
| Anjing : Staphylococcus (Streptococcus, Aspergillus) | Cloxacillin/flucloxacillin, lincosamide, cephalosporin, amoxicillin-clavulanate |
| Kucing : Staphylococcus (Streptococcus, Aspergillus) | Cloxacillin/flucloxacillin, lincosamide, cephalosporin, amoxicillin-clavulanate |
| Artritis septik* | |
| Anjing : Staphylococcus, Streptococcus (bakteri anaerob, coliform) | Cloxacillin/flucloxacillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate |
| Kucing : Staphylococcus, Streptococcus (bakteri anaerob, coliform) | Cloxacillin/flucloxacillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate |
| Septikemia*, endokarditis bakterial* | |
| Anjing : Bervariasi bakteri anaerob atau aerob | Fluoroquinolone + penicillin G or metronidazole, gentamicin + cephalosporin atau cloxacillin/flucloxacillin |
| Kucing : Bervariasi bakteri anaerob atau aerob | Fluoroquinolone + penicillin G or metronidazole, gentamicin + cephalosporin atau cloxacillin/flucloxacillin |
| Toxoplasmosis | |
| Anjing : Toxoplasma gondii | Clindamycin, sulfonamide + pyrimethamine |
| Kucing: Toxoplasma gondii | Clindamycin, sulfonamide + pyrimethamine |
| Feline infectious anemia | |
| Kucing : Mycoplasma haemofelis (sebelumnya Haemobartonella felis) | Doxycycline, enrofloxacin |
Keterangan:
*Perlu dilakukan pengujian kultur (biakan) dan kerentanan sebelum diberikan pengobatan
Sumber:
Maddison JE, Page SW, Church DB. 2008. Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology. Edisi ke-2. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier.
Rock AH. 2007. Veterinary Pharmacology A Practical Guide for The Veterinary Nurse. UK: Elsevier.
